Investigating host penetration by the rice blast fungus
The world’s food supply is under pressure from climate change, shortages of water as well as agriculture pests and diseases. One of the most devastating diseases of rice is caused by blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae), which also is the causal agent of the recent wheat blast outbreak in Asia.
Rice blast infections start when spores land on leaf surfaces, attach and germinate. The hydrophobic leaf surface triggers germlings to develop an appressorium, a single celled infection structure that generates enormous turgor pressure required to penetrate the rice leaf surface. Understanding how appressoria develop and how the host leaf is penetrated is important to devise strategies to prevent rice blast disease and other important cereal diseases.
This PhD project will investigate the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Mps1, which plays an essential role in appressorium development and host penetration. Deletion of the MPS1 gene abolishes pathogenicity of the fungus. Very little is known regarding how upstream components of the Mps1 MAPK pathway are activated, or how the kinase cascade precisely exerts its activity. This project builds on recent work that has established phosphoproteomic methods for analysing the Pmk1 pathway, revealing its direct targets for the first time (Oses-Ruiz et al., 2021 Nat Microb 6:1383-97; Cruz-Mireles et al., 2024 Cell 187 (10): 2557-73)
This project will provide broad training in fungal biology, molecular plant pathology, proteomics, protein biochemistry, molecular genetics and advanced cell biology at one of the premier centres for plant microbe interaction research, The Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich. We seek an ambitious student interested in a journey of intellectual development while analysing of one of the most important signalling pathways for the regulation of fungal virulence, so far described.
References
Cruz-Mireles, N., Oses-Ruiz, M., Derbyshire, P., Jegousse, C., Ryder, L.S., Bautista, M.J.A., Eseola, A., Sklenar, J., Tang, B., Yan, X., Ma, W., Findlay, K.C., Were, V., MacLean, D., Talbot, N.J., and Menke, F.L.H. (2024). The phosphorylation landscape of infection-related development by the rice blast fungus. Cell 187, 2557-2573 e2518.
Oses-Ruiz M, Martin-Urdiroz M, Soanes DM, Kershaw MJ, Cruz-Mireles N, Valdovinos-Ponce G, Molinari C, Littlejohn GR, Derbyshire P, Menke, Valent B, Barbara, Menke FLH, Talbot NJ. (2021) A hierarchical transcriptional network controls appressorium-mediated plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Nature Microbiology 6:1383-97.
Li, H., Wang, J., Kuan, T.A., Tang, B., Feng, L., Wang, J., Cheng, Z., Sklenar, J., Derbyshire, P., Hulin, M., Li, Y., Zhai, Y., Hou, Y., Menke, F.L.H., Wang, Y., and Ma, W. (2023). Pathogen protein modularity enables elaborate mimicry of a host phosphatase. Cell 186, 3196-3207 e3117
Guo H, Ahn HK, Sklenar J, Huang J, Y Ma Y, Ding P, Menke FLH and Jones JDG (2020). “Phosphorylation-Regulated Activation of the Arabidopsis RRS1-R/RPS4 Immune Receptor Complex Reveals Two Distinct Effector Recognition Mechanisms.” Cell Host Microbe
Ryder LS, Dagdas YF, Kershaw MJ, Venkataraman, C, Madzvamuse, A., Yan, X., Cruz-Mireles, N., Soanes, DM, Osés-Ruiz, M, Styles, V, Menke, FLH, Talbot, NJ. (2019) A sensor kinase controls turgor-driven plant infection by the rice blast fungus. Nature. 574:423-427